In 2001, the city of Mannheim commissioned the architect’s office Fischer Architekten GmbH with the design of an innovative commercial area. The requirements of commercial users as well as...
To an increasing extent, specifiers envisage the use of steel fibers instead of conventional steel reinforcement to resist tensile forces in lining segments of tunnels or large sewers. Particularly on...
Five long periods of time have shaped life in Europe since the industrial revolution. Every period lasted about 50 to 70 years. The mechanization, the mass mobility by train, the chemistry and the...
Cast stone is a deliberately used design element which is very difficult to replace in architecture as well as in garden and landscape construction. In projects, where purposeful use is made of its...
In building on existing structures, reinforced-concrete members are frequently placed against existing structural members. This is best achieved with lapped joints.
Until the end of the 1950s,...
In the past, structural engineers used primarily standard concepts for designing water-impermeable ground slabs based on design principle b) of the DAfStb code of practice on water-impermeable...
The ad-hoc group “Durability of vehicle-trafficked parking decks” agreed to develop a general system of classification for the regulations on the durability of vehicle-trafficked areas, consisting...
So far, the Town Museum of Aarau in Switzerland was housed in the historical Schlössli tower built in the 13th century. An extension, the structural rehabilitation of the existing building and a new...
Storage drains are stormwater tanks with a linear layout and a circular or rectangular cross-section. They are used for stormwater retention, combined sewage treatment and stormwater settling. Besides...
In pipelines, the flow pattern is strongly influenced by the pipe’s inner surface. Previously, the aim was to achieve an exceedingly smooth surface to keep pipe friction losses to a minimum whilst...
