With a world-wide annual production of more than 10 billion m³ and the respective surfaces, concrete has been the most frequently used building material all over the world for more than a century....
Concrete is a versatile and popular building material that is no longer popular just because of its technical properties. Architects deliberately use concrete as a design element both for interior and...
In 2001, the city of Mannheim commissioned the architect’s office Fischer Architekten GmbH with the design of an innovative commercial area. The requirements of commercial users as well as...
To an increasing extent, specifiers envisage the use of steel fibers instead of conventional steel reinforcement to resist tensile forces in lining segments of tunnels or large sewers. Particularly on...
Five long periods of time have shaped life in Europe since the industrial revolution. Every period lasted about 50 to 70 years. The mechanization, the mass mobility by train, the chemistry and the...
Cast stone is a deliberately used design element which is very difficult to replace in architecture as well as in garden and landscape construction. In projects, where purposeful use is made of its...
In building on existing structures, reinforced-concrete members are frequently placed against existing structural members. This is best achieved with lapped joints.
Until the end of the 1950s,...
In the past, structural engineers used primarily standard concepts for designing water-impermeable ground slabs based on design principle b) of the DAfStb code of practice on water-impermeable...
The ad-hoc group “Durability of vehicle-trafficked parking decks” agreed to develop a general system of classification for the regulations on the durability of vehicle-trafficked areas, consisting...
So far, the Town Museum of Aarau in Switzerland was housed in the historical Schlössli tower built in the 13th century. An extension, the structural rehabilitation of the existing building and a new...
