Current findings with respect to the XF2 freeze/thaw test method

Freeze/thaw resistance at moderate water saturation levels

Generally accepted, internationally recognized methods (CIF and CDF) exist for testing the freeze/thaw resistance of concrete at high water saturation rates irrespective of the simultaneous action of de-icing salts. These methods assume that concrete is sufficiently resistant to damage caused by freezing water if the degree of water saturation remains below a critical threshold even under permanent exposure to water. These tests are also suitable for demonstrating the influence of carbonation on freeze/thaw resistance. In the past, the descriptive specifications in EN 206-1 and DIN 1045-2 were...

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Issue 02/2016 Transferability of laboratory test results

Determining freeze-thaw resistance of precast products for road pavements under real-life conditions

Since February 2005, the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete pavers had to be determined in the modified slab test in accordance with DIN EN 1338. Some clients favor the CDF method even though there...

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Issue 09/2019

Reliable assessment of resistance of concrete paving blocks to freeze-thaw with de-icing salt

Verification of the resistance of concrete paving blocks to freeze-thaw with de-icing salt in accordance with DIN EN 1338 [DIN38 has been required from manufacturers since 2005. The test method for...

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Issue 01/2020

Assessment of frost and freeze-thaw damage to concrete pavers (Part 2)

The first part of this article dealt with the different patterns associated with freeze-thaw damage, the impact of cracks occurring in products, and the influence of installation and use on the onset...

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Issue 02/2018 Freeze-thaw resistance of concrete products

New research findings

The freeze-thaw resistance of concrete paving blocks must be verified by the slab test (DIN EN 1338). Sometimes clients in Germany demand the CDF method (DIN CEN/TS 12390-9). Independent of the test...

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Issue 02/2017 New findings and forecast models

Freeze-thaw attack and damage

The freeze-thaw damage pattern of concrete is primarily linked to the water contained in the pore system, which is also referred to as the saturation level. If a certain critical saturation level is...

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